2014-2015 Graduate Course Catalog 
    
    May 16, 2024  
2014-2015 Graduate Course Catalog [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Courses


Please note, when searching courses by Code or Number, an asterisk (*) can be used to return mass results. For instance a Code search of 6* can be entered, returning all 600-level courses.

 

Strategy and Human Resources

  
  • SHR 656 - Human Resource Management

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Explores human resource management issues facing managers. Recruitment, selection and placement. Performance appraisal. Career planning, training and development. Compensation. Labor-management relations.
  
  • SHR 701 - Women in Management

    3 credit(s) At least 1x fall or spring
    Investigate the opportunities and obstacles that women face in management and develop skills for leading women and men in order to improve individual, group and organizational performance. Enhance critical thinking skills essential for managers.
  
  • SHR 702 - Transformational Management

    3 credit(s) At least 1x fall or spring
    The development of personal skills in designing, implementing, and processing structured learning intervention that facilitate comprehension of organizational dynamics as well as foster real organizational learning and transformation. An experiential learning methodology will be employed.
    PREREQ: SHR 763  AND SHR 703 
  
  • SHR 703 - Organizational Process Consultation Skills

    3 credit(s) At least 1x fall or spring
    Develop group process consultation skills necessary for creating high performance work groups as well as developing collaborative and learning relationships between groups within an organization.
    PREREQ: SHR 763 
  
  • SHR 704 - Job Satisfaction, Motivation, and Work Behavior

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Theories analyzed in terms of soundness, research support, and management implications. Work design and environment, reward systems in relation to employee motivation, stress, job satisfaction and performance.
  
  • SHR 705 - Organizational Theory and Design

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Contemporary organizational systems, structural variables, and dynamics: the organization, organizational growth, effects of size and technology, emergence of new control systems, forms of organizational pathology, and directions of change in organizational pathology, and directions of change in organizational forms.
  
  • SHR 709 - Business Policy

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Interdepartmental approach to policy-making and administration from a top-management point of view. Thinking about business problems from an overall point of view.
  
  • SHR 710 - Administrative Policy

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Applies the principles and techniques of management to the life-cycle management process through the use of a computerized management simulation problem. Includes consideration of policy-making issues from the top management point of view.
    Repeatable
  
  • SHR 754 - Compensation Administration

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Double Numbered with: SHR 454
    Concepts, models, theories, and legislation related to employee compensation: wage theory, job analysis, job evaluation, job structure pricing, employee motivation, individual appraisal and reward, and benefits.
    PREREQ: SHR 355, SHR 656 
  
  • SHR 755 - Collective Bargaining

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    History and development of collective bargaining in the United States. Structure, processes, and institutional framework of collective bargaining within the industrial relations systems.
  
  • SHR 756 - Human Resource Assessment and Staffing

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Concepts, problems, and research related to the assessment of individual qualifications for employment and performance when recruiting, staff planning, and allocating staff resources.
    PREREQ: SHR 355, SHR 656 
  
  • SHR 757 - Career Planning, Training, and Development

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Theory and analysis of the empirical evidence related to training, career planning, and development concepts, methods, and programs. Conditions of learning, program evaluation, staff and career-planning models.
  
  • SHR 758 - Labor Arbitration and Dispute Resolution

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Economic, social, and legal implications of labor arbitration. Historic and contemporary problems commonly adjudicated by labor arbitrators. Theoretical and empirical evidence of the effectiveness of various dispute resolution strategies.
  
  • SHR 761 - Strategic Planning and Corporate Forecasting for Innovative Organizations

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Focuses on innovative growth organizations continually subject to technological and economic uncertainties.
  
  • SHR 762 - Leadership and Organization Change

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Double Numbered with: SHR 462
    Nature of the organizational development field and dominant methods, models and perspectives taken. Opportunities provided to increase skills and effectiveness in diagnosing and intervening in ongoing systems.
  
  • SHR 763 - Authority and Power Dynamics in Organizations

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Explores the psychodynamics of authority and power within and between small work groups in the context of an evolving, fluid learning organization. Participants develop skills identifying, interpreting and expressing the emotions of leadership within groups.
  
  • SHR 764 - Strategic Change and Organizational Innovation

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Focuses on managing required system-wide changes through an understanding of the technical, political and cultural subsystems and their interrelationships.
  
  • SHR 855 - Seminar in Organization and Management

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Results of supervised readings and independent study presented by participants for group discussion and evaluation. History, direction, and substance of developments in the fields of organization and management.

Sociology

  
  • SOC 500 - Selected Topics

    1-3 credit(s) Upon sufficient interest
    In-depth selected study of certain social problems.
    Repeatable
  
  • SOC 513 - Statistics for Social Science

    3 credit(s) At least 1x fall or spring
    Designed for first-year graduate students and sociology majors considering graduate study. Measures of central tendency and dispersion, hypothesis testing, and indices of association between variables. Application of statistics to social science data.
  
  • SOC 571 - Topics in Sociolinguistics

    3 credit(s) Upon sufficient interest
    Crosslisted with: ANT 571 , LIN 571 
    Functions of language in society. Geographical, socioeconomic, and male-female differentiation. Functions of various types of speech events. Requirements include a research project.
    Repeatable 1 time(s), 6 credits maximum
  
  • SOC 600 - Selected Topics

    1-3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Exploration of a topic (to be determined) not covered by the standard curriculum but of interest to faculty and students in a particular semester.
    Repeatable
  
  • SOC 606 - Quantitative Methods

    3 credit(s) At least 1x fall or spring
    Formulation of sociological research questions and the logic of testing and inference. Major quantitative and qualitative methodologies with emphasis on former. Relationship between problems formulation, theoretical perspective, and research methods.
  
  • SOC 611 - Sociological Theory

    3 credit(s) At least 1x fall or spring
    Exam-ination of theoretical approaches in sociology. Readings include writings by classic and contemporary social theorists, critiques of their theories and empirical writings that attempt to apply theoretical approaches to research studies.
  
  • SOC 614 - Introduction to Qualitative Research

    3 credit(s) Every semester
    Crosslisted with: EDU 603 , WGS 614 
    Developing and using qualitative methods used by sociologists to conduct research. Underlying assumptions and limitations.
  
  • SOC 621 - Contemporary Sociological Theories

    3 credit(s) Upon sufficient interest
    Major contemporary approaches to sociological theory. Reading representative works and comparing their application to selected topics.
  
  • SOC 625 - Feminist Organizations

    3 credit(s) At least 1x fall or spring
    Crosslisted with: WGS 625 
    Double Numbered with: SOC 425
    Women’s movement history in the United States and internationally. Successes and problems of organizations built by feminist activism. Implications for a new generation of feminist (and other) activism. Additional work required of graduate students.
  
  • SOC 627 - New York City: Black Women Domestic Workers

    3 credit(s) At least 1x fall or spring
    Crosslisted with: AAS 627 , WGS 627 
    Double Numbered with: SOC 427
    Historical understanding of Black women’s engagement in paid domestic work in the United States, increasing need for domestic workers in the ever-changing economy and family, and the social construction of Black women as “ideal” domestic workers.
  
  • SOC 635 - Political Sociology

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Double Numbered with: SOC 335
    Relationships between society and politics. Impacts of individuals, groups, parties, and institutions on state power in global perspective. Additional work required of graduate students.
  
  • SOC 645 - The Caribbean: Sex Workers, Transnational Capital, and Tourism

    3 credit(s) At least 1x fall or spring
    Crosslisted with: AAS 645 , WGS 645 
    Double Numbered with: SOC 445
    A political economy approach to educating students about the human and capital costs of tourism to the Caribbean. The integral relationship between sex work and Caribbean tourism exposes the region’s development that has resulted in its current configuration.
  
  • SOC 646 - The Social Impact of the Internet

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Double Numbered with: SOC 446
    Sociological implications of instantaneous communication, online publishing, identities and interactions, communities transcending geographic borders, and openly available information and opinion. Additional work required of graduate students. Offered only online.
  
  • SOC 648 - The Dynamics of Prejudice and Discrimination

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Double Numbered with: SOC 448
    Research and theory of prejudice and discrimination: inclusion/exclusion of individuals/social groups; classification of in/out groups; contributing roles of processes (difference, power, labeling, silencing). Recommended for upper-level students with some social science background and other coursework dealing with social inequities.
  
  • SOC 649 - The Sociology of Evil

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Double Numbered with: SOC 449
    Social conditions and processes allowing systematic dehumanization; perspectives of victim, perpetrator, audience, possibility of reconciliation. Extreme examples of evil; subtle ways of dehumanizing the other. Ethnic cleansing, international trafficking, terrorism. Additional work required of graduate students. Offered only online.
  
  • SOC 651 - Classics in the Sociology of Religion and Morals

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Crosslisted with: ANT 651 , REL 651 
    Classical sociological writings of Emile Durkheim and Max Weber and their contemporary significance.
  
  • SOC 663 - Studies in Urban Sociology

    3 credit(s) Upon sufficient interest
    Life and structure of American cities. Sociological perspectives on urban life, growth, decline, and restructuring of cities.
  
  • SOC 664 - Aging and Society

    3 credit(s) At least 1x fall or spring
    Crosslisted with: WGS 664 
    Double Numbered with: SOC 364
    Current policy issues in an aging society. Health care, end-of-life, social security, productive aging, and generational equity. Special problems facing elderly women and minorities.
  
  • SOC 666 - Sociology of Formal Organizations

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Formal and informal structure and decision making in industrial, governmental, religious, educational, and professional organizations. Their potential for democratization. Interorganizational relationships.
  
  • SOC 670 - Experience Credit

    1-6 credit(s) Irregularly
    Participation in a discipline or subject related experience. Student must be evaluated by written or oral reports or an examination. Permission in advance with the consent of the department chairperson, instructor, and dean. Limited to those in good academic standing.
    Repeatable
  
  • SOC 677 - Class, Status, and Power

    3 credit(s) Upon sufficient interest
    Double Numbered with: SOC 377
    Structures, causes, and consequences of socio-economic inequalities in modern societies. Poverty and wealth, social mobility, and the persistence of inequality. Comparison and assessment of theories of social stratification.
  
  • SOC 704 - Science, Technology, and Society

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Sociology and social history of science and technology. Interaction of science, technology, and society. Technical controversies. Planning technological change. Suggested complement to PSC 705.
  
  • SOC 714 - Intermediate Social Statistics

    3 credit(s) At least 1x fall or spring
    Introduction to multivariate statistical techniques to social science data.
    PREREQ: SOC 513 
  
  • SOC 810 - Readings on Theory and Methodology

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Repeatable
  
  • SOC 811 - Advanced Seminar in Qualitative Research I

    3 credit(s) At least 1x fall or spring
    Crosslisted with: EDU 810 , WGS 812 
    Expand fieldwork skills and increase theoretical understanding: emphasis on “thinking qualitatively;” intensive fieldwork.
    PREREQ: EDU 603 /SOC 614 
  
  • SOC 812 - Advanced Seminar in Qualitative Research II

    3 credit(s) At least 1x fall or spring
    Crosslisted with: EDU 815 
    Applications to issues of special education and related educational or human service settings.
  
  • SOC 813 - Advanced Social Statistics

    3 credit(s) Upon sufficient interest
    Examination of some current issues in multivariate analysis. Most issues examined are based on linear model. Focus varies by term. Examples of topics covered are path analysis, non-recursive models, unmeasured variables and measurement issues.
  
  • SOC 821 - Feminist Methodologies

    3 credit(s) Upon sufficient interest
    Crosslisted with: WGS 821 
    The feminist critique and its implications for planning, conducting, and reporting on empirical studies.
  
  • SOC 825 - Foundations of Organizational Sociology

    3 credit(s) Odd academic yr e.g. 2007-8
    Examines fundamental questions and approaches related to the sociological study of complex, formal organizations. Readings enable students to understand the intellectual development of theory and various historical shifts in emphasis in the field.
  
  • SOC 833 - Race, Class and Gender

    3 credit(s) Upon sufficient interest
    Crosslisted with: WGS 833 
    Intersecting dimensions of inequality that structure social life in contemporary societies. Multiple effects of cross cutting oppressions and privileges, including sexuality and ability/disability.
  
  • SOC 880 - Seminar: Selected Areas of Social Organization and Change

    3 credit(s) Every semester
    Provides an opportunity for staff and students to select and explore currently significant areas in the study of social organization and change.
    Repeatable
  
  • SOC 997 - Master’s Thesis

    1-6 credit(s) Every semester
  
  • SOC 999 - Dissertation

    1-15 credit(s) Every semester
    Repeatable

Social Science

  
  • SOS 575 - Philosophy of Social Science

    3 credit(s) Odd academic yr e.g. 2007-8
    Crosslisted with: PHI 575 
    Philosophical and methodological issues in social and behavioral science. Role of laws in explanation of human action, methodological individualism and holism, functional explanation, value-neutrality, behaviorism, and com puter simulation.
  
  • SOS 601 - Fundamentals of Conflict Studies

    3 credit(s) Every semester
    Crosslisted with: PAI 601 
    Introduction to a broad range of areas related to the analysis and resolution of conflict, focusing on the interdisciplinary study of defining, understanding, and addressing conflict.
  
  • SOS 604 - Public Policy Analysis: Theory and Practice

    3 credit(s) At least 1x fall or spring
    Crosslisted with: PSC 602 
    Overview of policy literature, including political economy and practical politics. Formal analyses and case studies.
  
  • SOS 620 - Interpersonal Conflict Resolution Skills

    3 credit(s) At least 1x fall or spring
    Enhanced communication skills to interact more effectively and solve problems creatively. Emphasizing reflective listening, problem solving, assertion, and managing conflicts among needs and values. Presenting theories demonstrating skill, practice, and critique. Additional work required of graduate students.
    Repeatable
  
  • SOS 621 - Mediation:Theory and Practice

    3 credit(s) Only during the summer
    Mediation skills to facilitate the resolution of disputes and differences. Techniques of third party intervention with individuals and groups. Learning approach includes lectures, simulations, modeling and practice mediations. Additional work required of graduate students.
  
  • SOS 623 - Leadership: Theory and Practice

    3 credit(s) Only during the summer
    Leadership skills to exercise responsible leadership and effective group membership in various contexts. Focus on individual leadership style and growth. Development of skills for a collaborative model of leadership. Additional work required of graduate students.
  
  • SOS 624 - Conflict Resolution in Groups

    3 credit(s) Only during the summer
    Skills to enhance understanding of conflict and conflict resolution and manage conflict in intragroup and intergroup settings. Unstructured small group experience to learn how groups function and to present a context for practice.
  
  • SOS 625 - The European Union

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Crosslisted with: HST 625 
    Interdisciplinary introduction to history, politics, and economics of the European community.
  
  • SOS 705 - Theories of Development

    3 credit(s) Even Academic Yr e.g. 2004-5
    Crosslisted with: GEO 705 
    Review of theories of development, economic growth, and social change. Comparison of explanatory power and limits of each theory. Review of prospects for synthesis and implications for empirical research in geography and other social sciences.
  
  • SOS 716 - Foundations of American Political Thought

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Crosslisted with: HST 682 , PSC 716 
    American political thought to about 1820. Puritans, American Revolution, establishment of the Constitution, and thought of Hamilton and Jefferson.
  
  • SOS 750 - Readings and Research in Social Sciences

    1-9 credit(s) Irregularly
    Interdepartmental seminars for graduate students enrolled in the social sciences program. Open to students in the respective disciplines.
    Repeatable
  
  • SOS 890 - Readings and Research in International Development Policy

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    For students preparing research for Ph.D. or Masters thesis, or in-depth research papers. Permission of instructor.
    Repeatable
  
  • SOS 991 - Social Science Dissertation Proposal

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Seminar in evaluating and developing research design. Application of social science methods to a specific research project. Preparation of detailed dissertation proposal by each student.
  
  • SOS 999 - Dissertation

    1-15 credit(s) Every semester

Spanish

  
  • SPA 601 - Literary Theory and Research Methods

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Reading in semiotics and research theory concerning literary texts.
  
  • SPA 620 - Language Training in Preparation for Research Using Spanish

    3 credit(s)
    Language training to prepare students to conduct research in areas that require knowledge of Spanish.
    Repeatable 3 time(s), 12 credits maximum
  
  • SPA 635 - Spanish Phonetics and Phonology

    3 credit(s)
    Double Numbered with: SPA 435
    Introduction to formal linguistic analysis of the Spanish sound system. Survey of dialectal variation. Additional work required of graduate students.
  
  • SPA 636 - The Structure of Spanish

    3 credit(s)
    Double Numbered with: SPA 436
    Introduction to the formal linguistic analysis of the structure of Spanish sentences. Additional work required of graduate students.
  
  • SPA 637 - Introduction to Spanish Linguistics

    3 credit(s)
    Double Numbered with: SPA 437
    Formal linguistic analysis of the Spanish language: phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and language variation (sociolinguistics and dialectology). Taught entirely in Spanish. Additional work required of graduate students.
  
  • SPA 638 - History of the Spanish Language

    3 credit(s)
    Double Numbered with: SPA 438
    The evolution of modern Spanish. The causes of linguistic change, the development of the phonological and morphosyntactic systems, the semantic/lexical development of the language. Additional work required of graduate students.
  
  • SPA 639 - Community Outreach: Language in Action

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Double Numbered with: SPA 439
    Language immersion in the Spanish-speaking community in the Syracuse area. Emphasis on improving spoken and written Spanish through a service learning component. Additional work required of graduate students.
  
  • SPA 641 - Medieval and Golden Age Literature

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Critical reading of significant literary works drawn from the Middle Ages and the 16th and 17th centuries.
  
  • SPA 643 - Cervantes

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Don Quixote, with selections from other representative works by Cervantes.
  
  • SPA 652 - Spanish Enlightenment to Modernism: Aesthetics and Power

    3 credit(s)
    Through a diverse theoretical approach, analyzes the construction of the following notions: literature, nation, identity, and gender. Representations of women in literary and cinematic texts.
  
  • SPA 653 - Sinner and Saints in 19th and 20th Century Spanish Literature and Film

    3 credit(s)
    Crosslisted with: WGS 653 
    Representations of women in novel, poetry, theater, and film through diverse theoretical approaches. Issues of power, sex, hierarchy, and institution.
  
  • SPA 655 - Caribbean Spaces

    3 credit(s) Odd academic yr e.g. 2007-8
    This course explores visions of urban imaginaries in Caribbean and U.S. Caribbean cultures. It analyzes the intersections between urban spaces and the formation of local/global subjectivities.
  
  • SPA 656 - Reality and Desire: Theater and Poetry (20th Century)

    3 credit(s)
    A diachronic study of the Spanish theater and poetry. Literary works will include texts by Valle-Inclán, Machado, Garcia Lorca, Aleixandre, Cernuda, Sastre, Buero Vallejo, among others.
  
  • SPA 658 - Narrative and Film in Spain (1940 to the Present)

    3 credit(s)
    Diachronic study of the “art of adaptation” in Spain. Exploration of the language of translation. Exchange between literature and film during and after Franco.
  
  • SPA 662 - Latin American Colonial Literature

    3 credit(s)
    Literature written during the Colonial period and contemporary criticism and theory about that period.
  
  • SPA 663 - Latin American Theater

    3 credit(s)
    Inclusive instructional strategies for students with disabilities, with particular focus on students with autism. Collaborative teaching approaches, IEP implementation, positive behavior supports, fostering communication and adaptations to access enriching curricula. Implementation during field experience. Effective Fall 2010
  
  • SPA 664 - Nineteenth Century Latin American Literature

    3 credit(s)
    Narratives and poetry written during the 19th century in Latin America. Analyzed in relation to literary movements such as costumbrism, romanticism, realism, naturalism, and the gaucho trend.
  
  • SPA 665 - Performance and Postmodernism in Latin America

    3 credit(s)
    Latin American theater written or performed from 1990 to the present alongside theories on performance and postmodernism related to Latin America and its theater.
  
  • SPA 671 - Latin American Literature and Feminist Theory

    3 credit(s)
    Crosslisted with: WGS 671 
    Includes reading and critical discussion of novels by 20th-century Latin American women writers and an introduction to feminist theory as it pertains to Latin America.
  
  • SPA 672 - Gay and Lesbian Hispanic Caribbean Literature

    3 credit(s)
    Caribbean poetry and fiction in homosexual literature. Includes literary theories and social, political, cultural, and religious values related to homosexuality.
  
  • SPA 673 - Afro-Hispanic Literature of the Caribbean

    3 credit(s)
    Evolution of the African culture within the Cuban Literature of the 20th century. The relationship of Santeria/Revolution is especially emphasized.
  
  • SPA 674 - Cuban Neo-Baroque

    3 credit(s)
    Analysis of three contemporary Cuban writers: Alejo Carpentier, José Lezama Lima, and Severo Sarduy. Literary theories of novel, poetry, and lectures.
  
  • SPA 678 - Latin American Literature in the New Millenium

    3 credit(s) Upon sufficient interest
    This course will trace the major developments in Latin American literature and cultural phenomena that followed the Boom, with emphasis on the production of the 21st century.
  
  • SPA 679 - The Literature of Postmodernism in Latin America

    3 credit(s)
    Contemporary trends in Latin-American literature.
  
  • SPA 681 - U.S. Latina/o Literature

    3 credit(s)
    Literary texts written by Latina/os in Spanish from the 17th century to present. Focus from late 19th century to the present; examining socio-historic, cultural and literary contexts.
  
  • SPA 685 - Contemporary Spanish-American Literature

    3 credit(s) Irregularly
    Precursors, modernists, and postmodernists
  
  • SPA 686 - Thinking/Writing the Nation

    3 credit(s) At least 1x fall or spring
    An introduction to texts within the variety of discursive modernity models of 19th century Latin America. From Independence Era to the end of that century.
  
  • SPA 687 - Revisiting Foundational Fictions

    3 credit(s) Even Academic Yr e.g. 2004-5
    A discussion of Anderson’s Imagined Communities and Sommer’s Foundational Fictions, to determine how helpful they are today in the study and mapping of 19th century Latin American narrative texts.
  
  • SPA 690 - Independent Study

    1-6 credit(s) Every semester
    In-depth exploration of a problem or problems. Individual independent study upon a plan submitted by the student. Admission by consent of supervising instructor or instructors and the department.
    Repeatable

Surface Pattern Design

  
  • SPD 527 - Advanced Textile Printing

    3 credit(s)
    Individual research of advanced dyeing and printing methods.
    PREREQ: TXT 314
  
  • SPD 643 - Design Analysis&Synthesis I

    1-12 credit(s) At least 1x fall or spring
    Individual projects undertaken with instructor’s consultation and guidance, directed toward professional decorative and repeat pattern design as related to the wall covering, textile, and allied industries. For first-year graduate surface pattern design majors.
  
  • SPD 743 - Design Analysis and Synthesis II

    1-12 credit(s) At least 1x fall or spring
    Research problems in surface pattern design for graduate majors. Individual projects undertaken with instructor’s consultation and guidance. Research directed toward professional decorative and repeat pattern design as related to the wall covering, textile, and allied industries. For first-year graduate surface pattern design majors.
  
  • SPD 996 - Final Presentation

    3 credit(s) Every semester
    Written statement to accompany final project, culminating in oral examination for M.F.A. degree. Taken during final semester upon advisor’s approval.
  
  • SPD 997 - Masters Thesis

    0-6 credit(s) Every semester
    Formal master’s thesis. Written document exhibiting substantive and original research. Planned under direction of major departmental advisor.

Special Education

  
  • SPE 500 - Selected Topics

    1-3 credit(s)
    Exploration of a topic (to be determined) not covered by the standard curriculum but of interest to faculty and students in a particular semester.
    Repeatable
 

Page: 1 <- Back 1026 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36